Kerala High Court Imposes Comprehensive Ban on Plastics and Synthetic Kumkum in Sabarimala Region

Landmark Judgment to Protect Endemic Species and Preserve Ecological Integrity

In a significant move to safeguard the environment and protect endemic species, the Kerala High Court has issued a comprehensive ban on the use of plastics and chemically manufactured Kumkum in the Sabarimala region. The Division Bench comprising Mr. Raja Vijayaraghavan V and K. V. Jayakumar, JJ., delivered the judgment on November 7, 2025, directing the Travancore Devaswom Board and the State Government to take coordinated action to enforce this ban.

The judgment aims to address the environmental degradation caused by the indiscriminate disposal of non-biodegradable materials, which have been choking the natural flow of streams, degrading water quality, and causing irreparable damage to aquatic life and the surrounding ecosystem. The court emphasized the need for natural alternatives and compliance with environmental safeguards.

The court highlighted the constitutional obligation under Articles 48A and 51A(g) of the Constitution of India, which stress the responsibility of citizens to protect and improve the natural environment. It underscored the importance of the Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties in ensuring the preservation of natural resources and ecological balance.

The Travancore Devaswom Board has been directed to issue public notices and advisories for pilgrims, informing them of the prohibition on the use and carriage of plastic materials, including sachets, wraps, and covers, in the Irumudi. The court also ordered the promotion of traditional, naturally derived alternatives to synthetic Kumkum used during rituals.

The judgment comes amidst increasing concerns about the environmental impact of synthetic colour powders, which contain harmful industrial pigments. These substances are non-biodegradable, carcinogenic, and pose serious health risks, along with damaging the ecosystem.

The Kerala High Court's ruling aligns with previous directives issued in George v. Executive Officer, Sabarimala and Suo Motu v. State of Kerala, reinforcing the commitment to environmental protection in the Sabarimala region. The court reiterated that any violation of these directions would invite prosecution under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

The judgment is a crucial step towards mitigating environmental harm, protecting endemic species, and preserving the ecological integrity of the Sabarimala region. Authorities have been urged to ensure effective implementation of the ban and promote sustainable practices among pilgrims and local stakeholders.

Statutory provision(s): Environmental Protection Act, 1986; Constitution of India, Articles 48A, 51A(g)

Suo Motu v. Union Government, Ministry of Railways, (Kerala)(DB) : Law Finder Doc Id # 2805770