Supreme Court Orders Jharkhand to Declare Saranda Wildlife Sanctuary

Apex Court mandates the protection of Saranda’s biodiversity, citing constitutional and statutory obligations.

In a landmark judgment dated November 13, 2025, the Supreme Court of India directed the State of Jharkhand to declare the Saranda Forest Division as a wildlife sanctuary, emphasizing the ecological significance and biodiversity of the region. The Court's decision mandates the notification of the sanctuary within three months, covering an area of 31,468.25 hectares, excluding six compartments designated as mining zones.

The Saranda Wildlife Sanctuary, historically recognized for its rich biodiversity, is home to species such as the Asiatic Elephant, Four-horned Antelope, and Sloth Bear. The Supreme Court highlighted the importance of the region as an ecological corridor facilitating wildlife connectivity between Jharkhand and Odisha.

The judgment comes after a series of delays by the State of Jharkhand in implementing previous directives issued by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) and the Supreme Court. Despite various affidavits and proposals, the State had failed to act promptly, prompting the Court to issue a stern directive for immediate compliance.

The Court underscored the constitutional mandate under Articles 48A and 51A(g), which obligates the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife. The judgment also referenced the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, and the Forest Rights Act, 2006, ensuring that the rights of tribal and forest-dwelling communities remain protected even after the declaration of the sanctuary.

Justice B.R. Gavai, CJI, and Justice K. Vinod Chandran, J., delivered the judgment, emphasizing sustainable development and the need to balance environmental protection with economic activities. The Court reiterated its previous orders restricting mining activities within one kilometer of the sanctuary boundaries, highlighting the hazards such activities pose to wildlife.

The Supreme Court's decision marks a significant step towards preserving India's natural heritage, ensuring the protection of Saranda's pristine forests and diverse wildlife. The judgment serves as a reminder of the judiciary's role in upholding environmental laws and constitutional directives, fostering a sustainable future for generations to come.

Statutory provision(s): Articles 48A and 51A(g) of the Constitution, Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, Sections 18, 19, 24, and 26A; Forest Rights Act, 2006, Sections 3 and 4.

In Re: Saranda Wildlife Sanctuary, (SC) : Law Finder Doc Id # 2807455